![]() ![]() Turing acknowledged its ancestor-the grandfather of all electronic computers-Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine of the 1830s.Īlan Turing considered whether a human being, or rather the human mind, could be described by analogy with such a machine, by emphasising that the physical construction of the machine, or what it is made of, is essentially unimportant. Turing showed that his very simple machine can specify the steps required for the solution of any problem that can be solved by following instructions, or explicit rules or procedures. It can print new symbols, or erase symbols. The machine reads one square at a time, and it can move the tape to read other squares, forwards or backwards. The Turing Machine can be visualised as an infinitely long tape of squares, on which are numbers, or a square may be blank. The Turing Machine was described in physical terms but it was abstract, in the sense that although its description defines all possible operations, not all of these may be realisable in practice. For this he invented the machine which is the starting point of electronic digital computing and of Artificial Intelligence. He did this by thinking of proof in terms of mechanical operations. Turing made his fundamental contribution shortly after graduating in mathematics from King's College Cambridge, with papers on computable numbers (1936-1937) in which he proved that there are classes of mathematical problems that cannot be proved by any fixed definite process or procedures. Working almost entirely independently, they not only set the stage, they built the scenery and wrote the script for the Computer Revolution, and for descriptions of mind in terms of computing procedures. The other parent was the American mathematician John von Neumann. ![]() Perception, 1983/volume 12, pages 647-649Īlan Turing was one of the two key figures in the creation of electronic digital computers and Artificial Intelligence (AI). ![]()
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